TCS technical written examination papers


TCS QUESTION PAPER

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part A - Vocabulary(synonyms):40 Questions
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1. To merry = Enjoy
2.To Alienate = abandon
3.To Solicit = Humble
4.To Heep =to gather
5.Cargo = load,luggage
6.Momentary = for small time
7.Volume = quantity
8.To Veer =
9.To Admonish=
10. To Meager = small,little
11. To lattitude,
12. Latent =
13. To Covet = To desire
14. To Discretion =
15. Potential = ability
16. To Emancipate,
17. To Wethargy,
18. To Concur = similiar
19. To Confiscate = To take charge, to annex
20. To Dispel =
21. Baffle = puzzle
22. Subsidise =
23. Misery =
24. Pretentrous =
25. Tranquil = calm, silent
26.Ellace
28.Rinaile,
29.Obstinate
30.Hover
31.Caprice,
33.Belate =after time
34.Brim = edge
35.Divulge,
36.Lamont,
37.Bileaf,
38. Embrace =
39.Adhesive =
40. Miserable =



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Critical Reasoning
_____________________

1. My Father is only child to his Father. My father
has three
sisters. All are married and have two children each.
(state True or False Or Can't be determined )
1.1 My Grand father has two sons (false)
1.2 I am having six cousins (true)
1.3 I have three uncle (true)


Part B (15 Questions )

1. Two Pencils 8 cents 5 Pencils cost ( Ans 20 cents)

2.A work is done by two people in 24 minutes. One of
them alone can
do it in 40 minutes. How much time will the other
person wiil take to
complete it ( 60 minutes)

3. A car is filled with 4.5 gallons of fuel for a
round trip . Car
is taken 1/4 more than in going than coming up. What
is the fuel
consumed in coming up ? (2.0 gallons)

CHECK
4. Low temperature at the night in a city is more than
1/2 high as
higher temperature are 100. Then What is low
temperature (Ans 40)

5. Person who dicided to go to weekend trip should not
exceed 8 hrs
driving in a day. Average speed of forward journey is
40 miles/hour .
Due to traffic in sundays ,in return journey average
speed is 30mph .
How far he can select a picnic spot ? (ans 240 miles)

CHECK

6. A sales person multiplied by a number and get the
answer 3. Instead
of that number divided by 3. What is the answer she
actually has to
get.

(1/3) * 1 *3 =3 so the no= 1 divided by three. The
answer =1/3

7. A ship started from port and moving with 'I'
miles/hour and other
ship started From L and moving with 'H' miles/hour .
At the place
where these two ships will meet. (ans L*I*H)/(H+I)

8. A building with height D shadows up to G. A
Neighbour building
with what height shadows C feet. (ans CD/G)

9. A person was fined for exceeding the speed limit by
10mph. Another
person was also fined for exceeding the speed limit by
twice the
same. If the second person was travelling at speed of
35mph . Find
the speed limit (ans. 15mph)

10. A bus started from the bus stand at 8 Am and after
staying 30
minutes at a destination return back to the bus stand.
The
Destination is 27 miles from the bus stand . The Speed
of the bus is
18mph . In the return journey the bus travells with
50% fast speed.
At what time it is return to the bus stand (1 p.m)

CHECK

11. In a mixture R is two parts, S is one part . In
order to mixture
how much R is to be added. Ans S is 25% of R

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TCS Paper Aptitude - Placement Paper

TCS Paper Aptitude - Placement Paper

 Numerical

1. One Rectangular plate with length 8 inches breadth 11 inches and 2 inches thickness is there. What is the length of the circular rod with diameter 8 inches and equal to volume of rectangular plate ?     

Ans: 3.5 inches

2. What is the Number of zeros at the end of the product of the numbers from 1 to 100.

3. In some game 139 members have participated every time one fellow will get out. What is the number of matches to choose the champion to be held?

Ans: 138

4. One fast typist type some matter in 2hr and another slow typist type the same matter in 3hr. If both do combine in how much time they will finish.  (S)

Ans: 1hr 12min

5. In 8*8 chess board what is the total number of squares.

Ans:204

6. Falling height is proportional to square of the time. One object falls 64cm in 2sec than in 6sec from how much height the object will fall.

Ans:576 cm

7. Gavaskar average in first 50 innings was 50. After the 51st innings his average was 51 how many runs he made in the 51st innings.

Ans:101

8. 2 oranges, 3 bananas and  4 apples cost Rs.15 . 3 oranges 2 bananas 1 apple costs Rs 10. what is the cost of 3 oranges, 3 bananas and 3 apples

Ans: Rs 15.

9. In 80 coins one coin is counterfeit what is minimum number of weightings to find out counterfeit coin

10. In a company 30% are supervisors and 40% employees are male. If 60% of supervisors are male. What is the probability that a randomly chosen employee is a male or female?

11. Two pencils costs 8 cents, then 5 pencils cost how much

Ans:20 cents

12. A work is done by the people in 24 min. one of them can do this work a lonely in 40 min. how much time required to do the same work for the second person.

Ans:60 min

13.  For a round trip, a car used 4 1/2 gallons of gasoline.  If it used 1/4 more gasoline going than coming back, how much gasoline was used coming back?

Ans:  2 gallons

14. low temperature at the night in a city is 1/3 more than 1/2 hinge as higher temperature in a day. sum of the low temp and highest temp is 100C. then what is the low temperature

Ans: 40 C

15. A person who decided to go weekend trip should not exceed 8 hours driving in a day Average speed of forward journey  is 40 mph. due to traffic in sundays, the return journey average speed is 30 mph. how far he can select a picnic spot

Ans: 120 miles

16. A sales person multiplied a number and get the answer is 3, instead of that number divided by 3. what is th answer he actually has to get ?

Ans: 1/3

17. A ship started from port and moving with I mph and another ship started from L and moving with H mph. At which place these two ships meet?

Ans is between  I and J and close to J

          !_____!_____!_____!_____!_____!_____!

          port    G           H           I           J           K           L

18. A building with hight D ft shadow upto G A neighbor building with what height shadow C ft is    

Ans: B ft

         !_____!_____!_____!_____!_____!_____!_____!

         A          B          C           D          E           F          G          H

19. A person was fined for exceeding the speed limit by 10 mph. Another person was also fined for exceeding the same speed limit by twice the same.  If the second person was traveling at a speed of 35 mph. Find the speed limit

Ans: 15 mph

20. A bus started from bustand at 8.00a m and after 30 min staying at destination, it returned back to the bustand.  the destination is 27 miles from the bustand. the  speed of the bus 50 percent fast speed. At what time it retur4ns to the bustand

Ans: 11.00

21. In a mixture, R is 2 parts, S is 1 part. in order to make S to 25% of the mixture, how much R is to be added 

Ans:  one part

22. Wind flows 160 miles in 330 min, for 80 miles how much time required.

Ans: 165 min

23. With 4/5 full tank vehicle travels 12 miles, with 1/3 full tank how much distance travels

Ans: 5 miles  

24. A man on a motorcycle rides 110 miles in 330 minutes.  What is his average speed in miles per hour?

Ans:  20 miles

25.  A stationary engine has enough fuel to move 12 hours when its tank is 4/5 full, how much hours will it run when the tank is 1/3 full

Ans: 5 hours

26. The centre of a storm shifts 22.5 miles in 1 hour.  At the same rate what time will it take to move 60 miles?

Ans:  2 2/3 hours

27. A 3 gallon mixture contains one part S and two parts R. In order to change it to mixture containing 25% S, how much R should be added?

Ans: 1 gallon

28.  A tree grows only 3/5 as fast as the one beside it.  In four years the combined growth of the two trees is eight feet.  How much does the shorter tree grow in two years

Ans:  Less than 2 feet

29.  An ocean liner L miles from port steams toward port at 11 miles per hour.  Another ship leaves the same port and steams toward the ocean liner at 1 miles per hour.  How many miles away from the port will they meet?

Ans:  Between I and J, closer to J

30. There are 150 weights .Some are 1 kg weights and some are 2 kg weights. The sum of the weights is 260.What is the number of 1kg weights?

 Ans. 40

32. A moves 3 kms east from his starting point . He then travels 5 kms north. From that point he moves 8 kms to the east. How far is A from his starting point?

 Ans. 13 kms

33. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 8. When 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number?

Ans. 35

34. The cost of one pencil, two pens and four erasers is Rs.22 while the cost of five pencils, four pens and two erasers is Rs.32.How much will three pencils, three pens and three erasers cost?

 Ans. 27

35. Fathers age is 5 times his son's age. 4 years back the father was 9 times older than son. Find the fathers' present age.

Ans. 40 years

36. What number should be added to or subtracted from each term of the ratio 17 : 24 so that it becomes equal to 1 : 2.

Ans. 10 should be subtracted

37. What is the 12th term of the series 2, 5, 8, ....

Ans. 35

38. If 20 men take 15 days to to complete a job, in how many days can 25 men finish that work?

 Ans. 12 days

41. In a fraction, if 1 is added to both the numerator at the denominator, the fraction becomes 1/2. If numerator is subtracted from the denominator, the fraction becomes 3/4. Find the fraction.

Ans. 3/7

42. If Rs.1260 is divided between between A, B and C in the ratio 2:3:4, what is C's share?

Ans. Rs. 560

43. A shopkeeper bought a watch for Rs.400 and sold it for Rs.500.What is his profit percentage?

 Ans. 25%

44. What percent of 60 is 12?

Ans. 20%

45. Hansie made the following amounts in seven games of cricket in India: Rs.10, Rs.15, Rs.21, Rs.12, Rs.18, Rs.19 and Rs.17(all figures in crores of course). Find his average earnings.

Ans. Rs.16 crore

49. A 3-gallon mixture contains one part S and two parts R. In order to change it to a mixture containing 25% S, how much R should be added?
       (a) 1/2 gallon               (b) 2/3 gallon               (c) 3/4 gallon               (d) 1 gallon               (e) 1 1/2 gallon


 53. If A is traveling at 72 km per hour on a highway. B is traveling at a speed of 25 meters per second on a highway. What is the difference in their speeds in meters per second?
       (a) 1/2 m/sec                                                   (b) 1 m/sec                                                     (c) 1 1/2 m/sec
       (d) 2 m/sec                                                      (e) 3 m/sec

54. A salesperson by mistake multiplied a number and got the answer as 3, instead of dividing the number by 3. What is the answer he should have actually got?
       (a) 0        (b) 1/3        (c) 1        (d) 2        (e) 3

55. If the length of a rectangle is increased by 30% and the width is decreased by 20%, then the area is increased by...
       (a) 10%        (b) 5%        (c) 4%        (d) 20%        (e) 25%

56. In the class of 40 students, 30 speak Hindi and 20 speak English. What is the lowest possible number of students who speak both the languages?
       (a) 5        (b) 20        (c) 15        (d) 10         (e) 30

57. The most economical prices among the following prices is:
(a) 10 kilo for Rs.160
(b) 2 kilo for Rs.30
(c) 4 kilo for Rs.70
(d) 20 kilo for Rs.340
(e) 8 kilo for Rs.130
58. A truck contains 150 small packages, some weighing 1 kg each and some weighing 2 kg each. how many packages weighing 2 kg each are in the truck if the total weight of all the packages is 264 kg?
(a) 36        (b) 52        (c) 88        (d) 124        (e) 114

60. One year ago Pandit was three times his sister's age. Next year he will be only twice her age. How old will Pandit be after five years?

Ans: 12 years

tcs placement papers feb 2011

TCS Placement Paper

1. Two pencils costs 8 cents, then 5 pencils cost how much

Sol: 2 pencils è 8 cents => 1 pencil è 4 cents

Therefore 5 pencils cost = 5 * 4 = 20 cents

2. A work is done by two people in 24 min. one of them can do this work a lonely
in 40 min. how much time required to do the same work for the second person.

Sol: (A+B) can do the work in = 1/24 min.

A alone can do the same work in = 1/40 min.

B alone can do the same work in = (A+B)’s – A’s = 1/24 – 1/40 = 1/60

Therefore, b can do the same work in = 60 min

3.A car is filled with four and half gallons of oil for full round trip. Fuel is taken
1/4 gallon more in going than coming. What is the fuel consumed in coming up?

Sol Before the trip, car is filled with = 4 ½ gallon of oil

Let ‘X’ be the quantity of fuel consumed for the trip in one direction

The fuel consumed while going = X + ¼

The fuel consumed while coming = X

Therefore, the fuel consumed for the trip = (X + ¼) + X = 4 ½

ð 2X + ¼ = 4 ½ => 2X = 4 ½ – ¼ => 2X = 4 ¼ => X= 2. approx

Therefore the fuel consumed while coming = 2 gallon

4. Low temperature at the night in a city is 1/3 more than 1/2 high as higher
temperature in a day. Sum of the low temperature and highest temp. is 100
degrees. Then what is the low temp?

Sol: 40 deg.

5. A person, who decided to go to weekend trip should not exceed 8 hours
driving in a day. Average speed of forward journey is 40 m/h. Due to traffic
in Sundays, the return journey average speed is 30 m/h. How far he can select
a picnic spot?

a) 120 miles
b) Between 120 and 140 miles
c) 160 miles

Answer: 120 miles

6. A salesperson multiplied a number and got the answer 3, instead of that number divided by 3.What is the answer he actually has to get?

Sol: (1/3) *1 * 3 = 3, so number = 1

Divided by 3

Answer: 1/3.

7. A ship started from port and moving with I miles per hour and another ship started from L and moving with H miles per hour. At which place these two ships meet?

|—-|—-|—-|—-|—-|—-|
port G H I J K L

Sol: Answer is between I and J and close to J or (L*I*H)/(H+I)

8. A building with height D shadow up to G. A neighbor building with what
height shadows C feet.

|—-|—-|—-|—-|—-|—-|—-|
A B C D E F G H

Sol: B Ft. or CD/G

9. A person was fined for exceeding the speed limit by 10mph. Another person
was also fined for exceeding the same speed limit by twice the same. If the
second person was traveling at a speed of 35 mph, find the speed limit.

Sol: Let ‘x’ be the speed limit

Person ‘A’ was fined for exceeding the speed limit by = 10mph
Person ‘B’ was fined for exceeding the speed limit by = twice of ‘A’
= 2*10mph=20mph
given that the second person was traveling at the speed of 35mph

=> 35mph – 20mph = 15mph

Therefore the speed limit is =15 mph

10.A bus started from bus stand at 8.00am, and after 30 minutes staying at
destination, it returned back to the bus stand. The destination is 27 miles from
the bus stand. The speed of the bus is 18mph. In return journey bus travels
with 50% fast speed. At what time it returns to the bus stand?

Sol: 11.00am

11.In a mixture, R is 2 parts S is 1 part. In order to make S to 25% of the mixture,
how much r is to be added?

Sol: One Part

12. Wind flows 160 miles in 330 min, for 80 miles how much time required.

Sol:

13. With 4/5 full tank vehicle travels 12 miles, with 1/3 full tank how much
distance travels

Sol: ( 5 miles )

14. Two trees are there. One grows at 3/5 of the other in 4 years, total growth of
trees is 8 ft. what growth will smaller tree will have in 2 years

Sol: ( < 2 ft. )

15. A storm will move with a velocity of towards the center in hours, at the same
rate how much far will it move in hrs.

Sol: ( but the answer is 8/3 or 2 2/3 )

1. In a two-dimensional array, X (9, 7), with each element occupying 4 bytes of memory, with the address of the first element X (1, 1) is 3000; find the address of X (8, 5).
Ans: 3212

2. In the word ORGANISATIONAL, if the first and second, third and forth, forth and fifth, fifth and sixth words are interchanged up to the last letter, what would be the tenth letter from right? Ans:I

3. What is the largest prime number that can be stored in an 8-bit memory? Ans : 251

4. Select the odd one out…..a. Java b. Lisp c. Smalltalk d. Eiffel.

5. Select the odd one out a. SMTP b. WAP c. SAP d. ARP

6. Select the odd one out a. Oracle b. Linux c. Ingress d. DB2

7. Select the odd one out a. WAP b. HTTP c. BAAN d. ARP

8. Select the odd one out a. LINUX b. UNIX c. SOLARIS d. SQL SEVER

9. Select the odd one out a. SQL b. DB2 c. SYBASE d. HTTP

10. The size of a program is N. And the memory occupied by the program is given by M = square root of 100N. If the size of the program is increased by 1% then how much memory now occupied? Ans: 0.5%(SQRT 101N)

11. A man, a woman, and a child can do a piece of work in 6 days. Man only can do it in 24 days. Woman can do it in 16 days and in how many days child can do the same work? Ans: 16

12. In which of the system, decimal number 184 is equal to 1234? Ans: 5

13. Find the value of the 678 to the base-7. Ans: 1656

14. Number of faces, vertices and edges of a cube Ans: 6 8 12

15. Complete the series 2, 7, 24, 77,__ Ans: 238

16. Find the value of @@+25-++@16, where @ denotes “square” and + denotes “square root”. Ans: 621

17. Find the result of the following expression if, M denotes modulus operation, R denotes round-off, T denotes truncation: M(373,5)+R(3.4)+T(7.7)+R(5.8) Ans:19

18. If TAFJHH is coded as RBEKGI then RBDJK can be coded as? Ans: qcckj

19. G(0)= -1, G(1)=1, G(N)=G(N-1) – G(N-2), G(5)= ? Ans: – 2

20. What is the max possible 3 digit prime number? Ans: 997

21. A power unit is there by the bank of the river of 750 meters width. A cable is made from power unit to power plant opposite to that of the river and 1500mts away from the power unit.The cost of the cable below water is Rs.15/- per meter and cost of cable on the bank is Rs.12/-per meter. Find the total of laying the cable. Ans : 1000 (24725-cost)

22. The size of a program is N. And the memory occupied by the program is given by M = square root of 100N. If the size of the program is increased by 1% then how much memory now occupied? Ans:0.5%(SQRT 101N)

23. In Madras, temperature at noon varies according to -t^2/2 + 8t + 3, where t is elapsed time. Find how much temperature more or less in 4pm to 9pm. Ans:At 9pm 7.5 more

24. The size of the bucket is N kb. The bucket fills at the rate of 0.1 kb per millisecond. A programmer sends a program to receiver. There it waits for 10 milliseconds. And response will be back to programmer in 20 milliseconds. How much time the program takes to get a response back to the programmer, after it is sent? Ans: 30

25. A man, a woman, and a child can do a piece of work in 6 days. Man only can do it in 24 days. Woman can do it in 16 days and in how many days child can do the same work? Ans: 16

26. If the vertex (5,7) is placed in the memory. First vertex (1,1) `s address is 1245 and then address of (5,7) is ———- Ans: 1279

27. Which of the following are orthogonal pairs?
a. 3i+2j b. i+j c. 2i-3j d. -7i+j Ans: a, c

28. If VXUPLVH is written as SURMISE, what is SHDVD? Ans: PEASE

29. If A, B and C are the mechanisms used separately to reduce the wastage of fuel by 30%, 20% and 10%.What will be the fuel economy if they were used combined.
Ans: 20%

30. What is the power of 2? a. 2068 b.2048 c.2668

31. Complete the series. 3, 8, –, 24, –, 48, 63. Ans: 15.35

32. Complete the series. 4, -5, 11, -14, 22, — Ans: -27

33. A, B and C are 8 bit no’s. They are as follows:
A -> 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
B -> 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
C -> 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
Find ((A-B) u C)=? Hint: 109…. A-B is {A} – {A n B}

34. A Flight takes off at 2 A.M from northeast direction and travels for 11 hours to reach the destination, which is in northwest direction. Given the latitude and longitude of source and destination. Find the local time of destination when the flight reaches there? Ans: 7 am

35. A can copy 50 papers in 10 hours while both A & B can copy 70 papers in 10 hours. Then for how many hours required for B to copy 26 papers? Ans: 13

36. A is twice efficient than B. A and B can both work together to complete a work in 7 days. Then find in how many days, A alone can complete the work? Ans: 10.5

37. A finish the work in 10 days. B is 60% efficient than A. So how many days do B takes to finish the work? Ans :100/6

38. A finishes the work in 10 days & B in 8 days individually. If A works for only 6 days then how many days should B work to complete A’s work? Ans: 3.2 days

39. Given the length of the 3 sides of a triangle. Find the one that is impossible? (HINT: sum of smaller 2 sides is greater than the other one, which is larger)

40. Find the singularity matrix from a given set of matrices? (Hint det(A)==0))

41. A 2D array is declared as A[9,7] and each element requires 2 byte. If A [1,1] is stored in 3000. Find the memory of A[8,5] ? Ans: 3106

42. Sum of slopes of 2 perpendicular st.lines is given. Find the pair of lines from the given set of options, which satisfy the above condition?

43. (a) 2+3i (b)1+i (c) 3-2i (d) 1-7i .Find which of the above is orthogonal. Ans : a,c

44. (Momentum*Velocity)/(Acceleration * distance). Find units. Ans: mass

45. The number 362 in decimal system is given by (1362) x in the X System of numbers find the value of X a} 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8 e) 9

46. Given $ means Tripling and % means change of sign then find the value of $%$6-%$%6

47. My flight takes of at 2am from a place at 18N 10E and landed 10 Hrs later at a place with coordinates 36N70W. What is the local time when my plane landed?
6:00 am b) 6:40am c) 7:40 d) 7:00 e) 8:00
(Hint: Every 1 deg longitude is equal to 4 minutes. If west to east add time else subtract time)

48. Find the highest prime number that can be stored in an 8 bit Computer?

49. Which of the following set of numbers has the highest Standard deviation?
a)1,0,1,0,1,0 b) -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
c)1,1,1,1,1,1 d) 1,1,0, -1,0, -1

Software Testing Methods

The Purpose of Testing
Test design and testing takes longer than program design and coding. In testing each and every module
is tested. Testing is a systematic approach that the given one is correct or not. Testing find out the bugs
in a given software.
Productivity and Quality in Software
Once in production, each and every stage is subjected to quality control and testing from component
source inspection to final testing before shipping.
If flaws are discovered at any stage, that part will be discarded or cycled back for rework and correction.
The assembly line’s productivity is measured by the sum of the cost of the materials, the rework,
discarded components and the cost of quality assurance and testing.
Note :
By testing we get the quality of a software.
click here for complet book
If we give the guarantee for the quality of a product then it is called Quality Assurance.

Linux commands

1.1 What is a command shell?
􀀀
A program that interprets commands
􀀀
in programs called
Allows a user to execute commands by typing them manually at a terminal, or automaticallyshell scripts.
􀀀
commands.
A shell is not an operating system. It is a way to interface with the operating system and run
1.2 What is BASH?
􀀀
BASH = Bourne Again SHell
􀀀
originally written by Steve Bourne for UNIX systems.
Bash is a shell written as a free replacement to the standard Bourne Shell (/bin/sh)
􀀀
program with and use from the command line.
It has all of the features of the original Bourne Shell, plus additions that make it easier to􀀀
DOWNLOAD
Since it is Free Software, it has been adopted as the default shell on most Linux systems

Linux commands

Why Linux ?
Many users on the system with different privileges
Each user has its own private space
a list of users logged into a system
/etc/passwd information
about user accounts
login name, full name, home directory etc
Superuser account root
or superuser
can modify any file, USE WITH CAUTION
DOWNLOAD
users, who and, w prints

Linux commands

Basic Commands
1.ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in
the particular working directory
syntax
[root@nettech root]#ls -l
2.ls -la same as 'ls -l'but by this command we can also see the hiden
files.
syntax
[root@nettech root]#ls -la
3.ls -li same as 'ls -la' but it will also shows us the inode number of
each and every file
syntax
[root@nettech root]#ls -li
4.ls by this command we can see only file name nothing else
syntax
[root@nettech root]#ls
5.clear it will clear the screen(short cut ctl+l)
syntax
[root@nettech root]#clear
DOWNLOAD MORE COMMANDS click here

Face recognition

A facial recognition system is a computer application
for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital
image or a video frame from a video source. One of the way is to
do this is by comparing selected facial features from the image
and a facial database.It is typically used in security systems and
can be compared to other biometrics such as fingerprint or eye
iris recognition systems.
In this paper we focus on 3-D facial recognition system and
biometric facial recognision system. We do critics on facial
recognision system giving effectiveness and weaknesses. This
paper also introduces scope of recognision system in India
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arry of pointers video

arry of pointers in c-language for
all IT students

smart board

        SMART Technologies is the parent company that created the SMART Board.  SMART Technologies was founded in 1987 by David Martin and Nancy Knowlton as a Canadian company that was a distributor for 3M  projectors.  The SMART Board was introduced 18 years ago in 1991!  According the SMART Technologies website, "It was the first interactive whiteboard to provide touch control of computer applications and annotation over standard Microsoft Windows applications" (SMART Technologies ULC).  The company struggled in the early years, but put all of its profits into research development of the SMART Board.  Because nobody knew about the product, SMART had to really work at marketing their product.  As a results, some educators began using the SMART Board and also a partnership with Intel was a key factor that provided the company with needed equity and confidence.  The rest is history!  As SMART Technologies grows as a company, they continue to be cutting edge with both their hardware and software offering educational, corporate, and government solutions.