Linux commands

1.1 What is a command shell?

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A program that interprets commands

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in programs called

Allows a user to execute commands by typing them manually at a terminal, or automaticallyshell scripts.

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commands.

A shell is not an operating system. It is a way to interface with the operating system and run

1.2 What is BASH?

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BASH = Bourne Again SHell

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originally written by Steve Bourne for UNIX systems.

Bash is a shell written as a free replacement to the standard Bourne Shell (/bin/sh)

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program with and use from the command line.

It has all of the features of the original Bourne Shell, plus additions that make it easier to􀀀
DOWNLOADSince it is Free Software, it has been adopted as the default shell on most Linux systems

Linux commands

Why Linux ?

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Many users on the system with different privileges

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Each user has its own private space

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a list of users logged into a system

/etc/passwd information

about user accounts

login name, full name, home directory etc

Superuser account root

or superuser

can modify any file, USE WITH CAUTION
DOWNLOADusers, who and, w prints

Linux commands

Basic Commands

1.ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in

the particular working directory

syntax

[root@nettech root]#ls -l

2.ls -la same as 'ls -l'but by this command we can also see the hiden

files.

syntax

[root@nettech root]#ls -la

3.ls -li same as 'ls -la' but it will also shows us the inode number of

each and every file

syntax

[root@nettech root]#ls -li

4.ls by this command we can see only file name nothing else

syntax

[root@nettech root]#ls

5.clear it will clear the screen(short cut ctl+l)

syntax

[root@nettech root]#clear

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